Mac_终端配置

发表于2025-08-14更新于2025-08-14阅读次数

选择

Mac的终端有很多选择。
推荐得比较多的：

  1. iTerm2，是个老牌macOS终端，精巧。并且更新频繁。缺点是不跨平台。
  2. warp。rust写的。GPU渲染，看起来很现代。诟病比较多的是有时太占内存，甚至有时能吃2G。但是集成的无缝AI交互体验很好。
  3. Termius。是专门给多端使用的，主要用于管理SSH。用了用，感觉不太习惯。

终端配置

warp默认使用的是zsh配置文件。在/Users/mrcan/.zshrc。
但zsh配置文件在macOS默认是没有的，需要手动创建。

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# Warp Terminal & Zsh Configuration
# Colors for different file types in ls command

# Enable colors for ls on macOS
export CLICOLOR=1

# macOS BSD ls colors (LSCOLORS format)
# Format: directory:symlink:socket:pipe:executable:block:character:setuid:setgid:dir_w_sticky:dir_wo_sticky
export LSCOLORS=ExGxBxDxCxEgEdxbxgxcxd

# If you have GNU coreutils installed (brew install coreutils), uncomment these:
# alias ls='gls --color=auto'
# export LS_COLORS='di=1;34:ln=1;36:so=1;35:pi=1;33:ex=1;32:bd=1;34:cd=1;34:su=0;41:sg=0;46:tw=0;42:ow=0;43:mi=1;37;41:*.tar=1;31:*.tgz=1;31:*.zip=1;31:*.gz=1;31:*.bz2=1;31:*.xz=1;31:*.jpg=1;35:*.jpeg=1;35:*.png=1;35:*.gif=1;35:*.mp3=1;33:*.mp4=1;33:*.avi=1;33:*.mov=1;33:*.pdf=1;31:*.doc=1;31:*.txt=0;37:*.md=1;37:*.json=1;33:*.xml=1;33:*.yml=1;33:*.yaml=1;33:*.js=1;32:*.ts=1;32:*.py=1;32:*.go=1;32:*.rs=1;32:*.cpp=1;32:*.c=1;32:*.h=1;32'

# Useful aliases for colorful output
alias ll='ls -la'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Enable color support for grep
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'

# Git colors (if you use git)
alias git='git --no-pager'

# Warp works great with these modern alternatives (install via brew if desired):
# brew install exa && alias ls='exa --color=always --icons'
# brew install lsd && alias ls='lsd --color=always'
# brew install bat && alias cat='bat --style=auto'

以上配置文件的效果：
What’s now working:
• Colored directories - Blue folders
• Colored file types - Different colors for executables, links, etc.
• Useful aliases - ll, la, l for different listing views
• Colored grep - Search results will be highlighted

写入配置文件后，还需要source ~/.zshrc使这个配置文件立即生效。

macOS使用brew安装开发工具，以安装git为例

通常在macOS上有两种常用的安装方式：brew install或者xcode-select --install
xcode-select and brew, which is better? what are the difference of them

两者的对比

Here are the key differences between installing Git via xcode-select and Homebrew:

Xcode Command Line Tools (xcode-select --install)

Pros:

  • Apple-maintained: Official Apple distribution, well-integrated with macOS
  • Comes with essential dev tools: Includes GCC, make, and other development utilities
  • System-level installation: Installed in /usr/bin/git
  • No additional dependencies: Built into macOS
  • Required for many dev tasks anyway: Needed for compiling software from source

Cons:

  • Slower updates: Git version updates only come with macOS/Xcode updates
  • Older versions: Often ships with older Git versions
  • Less control: Can’t easily switch versions or customize installation

Homebrew (brew install git)

Pros:

  • Latest versions: Usually has the most recent Git releases
  • Easy updates: brew upgrade git keeps you current
  • Version management: Can install multiple versions if needed
  • Package ecosystem: Access to thousands of other developer tools
  • Customizable: Various installation options and configurations

Cons:

  • Additional dependency: Requires Homebrew to be installed first
  • PATH management: Need to ensure Homebrew’s path comes before system paths
  • User-space installation: Installed in /opt/homebrew/bin/git (Apple Silicon) or /usr/local/bin/git (Intel)

Which is Better?

For most developers, Homebrew is better because:

  1. You get newer Git features and security fixes faster
  2. You’ll likely want Homebrew for other development tools anyway
  3. Easy to keep everything updated

Use Xcode Command Line Tools if:

  • You prefer minimal system modifications
  • You don’t need the latest Git features
  • You’re doing iOS/Mac development (you’ll need Xcode tools anyway)

Recommendation: Install Xcode Command Line Tools first (many things depend on it), then install Git via Homebrew for the best of both worlds.

brew的安装

默认macOS是没有brew的。需要先安装。而安装brew还需要安装xcode command line tools（在安装brew时如果检测到没有这个，会自动帮你装）。

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/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

安装完之后，它会提示你，加入PATH：

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# Run these commands in your terminal to add Homebrew to your PATH:
echo >> /Users/mrcan/.zprofile
echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> /Users/mrcan/.zprofile
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"

之后，就可以brew help测试了。

但是，这里有个坑，就是第二句，实际最后.zprofile文件中保存成了eval \"$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)\"。
导致下一次打开终端报错：

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(eval):1: no such file or directory: export HOMEBREW_PREFIX=/opt/homebrew; export HOMEBREW_CELLAR=/opt/homebrew/Cellar; export HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY=/opt/homebrew; fpath[1,0]=/opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions; PATH=/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/local/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/appleinternal/bin; export PATH; [ -z  ] || export MANPATH=:; export INFOPATH=/opt/homebrew/share/info:;

应该存成eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"才对。
修改之后，source ~/.zprofile即可生效。
The issue was in your .zprofile file where the quotes around the eval command were escaped (with backslashes), which caused the shell to interpret them incorrectly.
This command properly sets up your Homebrew environment variables (like HOMEBREW_PREFIX, PATH, etc.) that you saw in the error message. The error occurred because the shell couldn’t properly execute the command due to the escaped quotes.
Your shell should now work properly without that error. You can restart your terminal or run source ~/.zprofile to apply the changes.

brew安装git

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brew install git
git --version

git配置

生成公钥

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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"

默认生成到了~/.ssh/id_rsaor~/.ssh/id_ed25519

实际测试，默认保存到了/Users/mrcan/.ssh/id_ed25519，这是私钥，公钥保存到了/Users/mrcan/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

之后，把公钥上传到GitHub即可。

发现不能读取repo

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ssh -T git@github.com

这是通用的检测方法。发现不行。
原因是我们没有把github.com添加到可信名单中。

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ssh-keyscan -H github.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

现在，再次

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ssh -T git@github.com

回复：

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Hi xing-cg! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

现在还需要在本地配置自己的user.email

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git config --global user.email "myemail@xxx.com"

现在就可以正常git管理repo了。

安装npm

macOS默认没有npm。
可以用brew安装node.js。

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brew install node
node --version

之后，在有package.json的目录中，就可以直接npm install安装依赖了。

hexo博客依赖安装

hexo博客目录下只npm install还不够，还需要安装hexo-cli

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npm install -g hexo-cli

远程连接云服务器

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ssh-keyscan -H mrcan.work >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

之后才能进行连接请求：

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ssh root@mrcan.work